BURUNG LUAR NEGERI:MUSICIAN WREN

MUSICIAN WREN

The #musician_wren or organ wren (#Cyphorhinus_arada) is a species of wren named for its elaborate song. It is native to the Amazon Rainforest in South America, and west and southwestwards into the Amazonian Andes. In Portuguese it is known as uirapuru or many other variants of this name, all based on the Tupi wirapu 'ru. Especially in Brazil, the musician wren is the subject of several legends and fables, most relating to its loud and beautiful song. One of these tells that when it starts singing all other birds stop their song to hear it. The musician wren is also believed to bring good luck, which leads some people to kill it in order to have it stuffed.[2] Even though there are no reliable statistics of its numbers, the musician wren, due to its large range and being locally fairly common, is not considered threatened.

Has been regarded as conspecific with C. phaeocephalus (which see). NE nominate race (Guianas centre of endemism) the most distinctive morphologically, but part-matched by E race griseolateralis S of Amazon (Tapajós centre); adjacent interpositus (Rondônia centre) has different head pattern but shares grey belly with previous two; races modulator (Inambari centre), salvini (Napo centre) and transfluvialis (Imeri centre) resemble interpositus but have tawny underparts, each differing rather subtly from the other; songs of all races show moderate degrees of divergence but variation considerable, hence exhaustive analysis needed if real distinctions to be demonstrated; nevertheless, each subspecies is genetically well marked, and further research may result in revised species limits. Races urbanoi and faroensis, recognized in HBW, have been proposed as synonyms as their diagnostic characters sit within the plumage variation of nominate; this view accepted here. Species name often emended to aradus but must remain invariable because from a local native language, not Latin. Six subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution

C. a. #arada (Hermann, 1783) – Guianan Musician Wren – E & SE Venezuela, the Guianas and NE Brazil (E from lower R Negro, S to Amazon).

C. a. #transfluvialis (Todd, 1932) – Imeri Musician Wren – base of E Andes in S Colombia (Caquetá) E to NW Brazil (E to R Negro).

C. a. #salvini Sharpe, 1882 – Napo Musician Wren – S Colombia (Putumayo), E Ecuador and NE Peru (Loreto).

C. a. #modulator (d’Orbigny, 1838) – Inambari Musician Wren – lowlands of E Peru, W Brazil (E, S of Amazon, to R Madeira) and N Bolivia.

C. a. #interpositus (Todd, 1932) – Rondonia Musician Wren – NC Brazil from R Madeira E to R Tapajós, S to N Mato Grosso.

C. a. #griseolateralis Ridgway, 1888 – Tapajos Musician Wren – S bank of lower Amazon E of R Tapajós, S to R Jamanxim (Brazil).